ἡ εἰς διαφθορὰν λύπη

λυμάχη· ἡ εἰς διαφθορὰν λύπη, Hsch.

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `dirt, offscourings, purgation', metaph. `contamination, revilement' (A 314 a. Ξ 371, Hdt.); on the meaning Sinclair Festschr. Dornseiff 330ff. (with wrong connection with λύω). - λύμη f., often pl. - αι, `maltreatment (e.g. mutilation, flagellation), damage, violation, revilement'.

Other forms: - ατος n., mostly pl. - ατα,

Derivatives: 1. From λῦμα: λύμακες πέτραι H. (on alphab. wrong position); cf. βῶλαξ, λίθαξ a.o. (Chantraine Form. 379); κατα-λυμακόομαι `be covered with λύμακες `(i.e. `dirt')' (Tab. Heracl. 1, 56); also Λύμᾱξ, - κος m. Arcad. rivername (cf. ῥύᾱξ, σύρφᾱξ a.o.; Chantraine 381 f.), after Paus. 8, 41, 2 because of the Nachgeburt ( λύματα) of Rhea, in fact prob. because of the ooze (cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 663, also Schwyzer RhM 77, 225ff. and Bechtel Dial. 1, 393; in detail deviat.). 2. From λύμη: λυμεών, - ωνος m. `destroyer' (S., E., Tim. Pers., Isoc., as ἀπατεών; Chantraine 163) with λυμεων -εύομαι `play the λ.' (Plb.); λυμάχη (- χή?) ἡ εἰς διαφθορὰν λύπη H. (after ταραχή? στοναχή?). Transformation of λῦμα, λύμη: λῦμαρ (Max. Astrol.; cf. Schwyzer 519). -- Denomin. λυμαί-νομαι, aor. λυμήνασθαι (rare λυμῆναι, - ᾶναι) 1. from ? λῦμα `purify (of dirt)' (Hp.), usu. ἀπο-λυμαίνομαι `wash, purify' (A 313f., A. R., Agath., Paus.) with ἀπολυμαν-τήρ (tablecleaner' (ρ 220, 377); 2. more often from λύμη `corporally maltreat, damage, destroy,violate', also with δια-, κατα- (Ion. Att. Arc.; on the meaning Schulze Kl. Schr. 169, Fraenkel Denom. 49); λυμαντήρ `destroyer, violater' (X.), λυμάντωρ (Timo, Epigr. Cyrene), - τής (S.) `id.' (cf. Fraenkel Nom. sg. 2, 55) with λυμαν-τήριος (A.), - τικός (Ph., Arr.) `destroying, violating'. - λύθρος m. (after βρότος, βόρβορος, πηλός?), also - ον n. `clotted, thick blood' (Hom. [only dat. - ρῳ], Hp. Ep.) with λυθρώδης `bloodstained' (LXX, AP). With λῦμα: λύμη cf. γνῶμα: γνώμη, χάρμα: - μη, βρῶμα: - μη etc.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [681] * luH- `dirt, pollute'

Etymology: With λῦμα, - μη agrees Alb. lum `slime, mud' (IE * lum-); an agreement with λύθρος perh. in the Illyr. GN Ludrum (with IE dh or d); close comes also Alb. ler `mud' (IE * leu-d(h)r-). The nouns mentioned go back on a in Greek lost (and by λυμαίνομαι replaced?) verb meaning `pollute, contaminate', which lives on in Lat. pol-luō (from * por-luō) and led to the verbal noun Lat. lutum = OIr. loth `muck, excrements, dirt'. Other survivals are Lat. lustrum `puddle, marsh' and German rivernames like Lune and Lienz (from * Luantia); cf. Λύμαξ. - WP. 2, 406, Pok. 681, W.-Hofmann s. 1. lutum. Fraenkel Wb. s. laũre. On the GN esp. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 6, 106ff. a. 242ff., Eisenstuck ibd. 7. 53ff. - (Wrong Specht KZ 68, 124. λύ-μη to λύ-πη with old variation μ: π.)

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